{"id":3315,"date":"2020-07-25T10:51:13","date_gmt":"2020-07-25T09:51:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/?page_id=3315"},"modified":"2022-12-03T22:07:16","modified_gmt":"2022-12-03T22:07:16","slug":"musique-ouighoure","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/uighur-mythology\/uighur-music\/","title":{"rendered":"Uyghur music"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3315\" class=\"elementor elementor-3315\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0c7d72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0c7d72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-80fb292\" data-id=\"80fb292\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-921509e elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"921509e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/uighur-mythology\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Uyghur Mythology<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1160e8\" data-id=\"b1160e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57f6cd0 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"57f6cd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ou%C3%AFghours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Wiki<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-66d09c8c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"66d09c8c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ae930dc\" data-id=\"4ae930dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22362e8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22362e8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<p>A largely desert country with large mountainous regions, music developed there in oases that became urban homes. In the west of the country (in Kashgar and Khotan), scholarly Uyghur music and the art of performing the muq\u00e2ms are very close to Turkish-Persian practice and it has strong kinship with Uzbek music and Tajik music. In the east (in Kumul) the style approaches music <a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/mythes-et-legendes-chinois-1768\/\">chinese<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5284 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AlphaOmega-e1602613368367.png\" alt=\"uyghur music\" width=\"25\" height=\"26\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/uighur-mythology\/\">Uyghurs<\/a>, people <a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/mythes-et-legendes-turques-1708\/\">Turkish<\/a>, trace their musical lineage back to <abbr title=\"11th century\">XI<sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0century\u00a0<abbr title=\"before Jesus Christ\">av. J.-C.<\/abbr>, at the time of the Di people. On the Buddhist frescoes of Kyzyl dating from <abbr title=\"5th century\">V<sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0century, we see round or piriform lutes with long sleeves and groups of arched harp, zither, oboe, transverse flute, pan flute, mouth organ, hourglass drum, and idiophones. Chinese sources cite musical influences from the first Turkic-speaking peoples who settled in the region from the <abbr title=\"9th century\">IX<sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0century of our era; it is possible that the pentatonism found in China has a Turkish origin because many Turkish musicians played at the Emperor&#039;s Court. <\/p>\n<p>This influence was accentuated with the founding of the khanate of Kashgar and the development of Islam. By the Silk Road, many ideas, instruments and styles were thus brought from west to east, from Central Asia to Central China. Now this music is also part of Chinese regional music.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/uighur-mythology\/uighur-music\/#Musique-ouighoure-savante\" >Scholarly Uyghur music<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/uighur-mythology\/uighur-music\/#Musique-folklorique\" >Folk music<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/uighur-mythology\/uighur-music\/#Instruments-de-musique\" >Musical instruments<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Musique-ouighoure-savante\"><\/span>Scholarly Uyghur music<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The Uyghur muq\u00e2m was formed in <abbr title=\"16th century\">XVI<sup>e<\/sup><\/abbr>\u00a0century from various earlier distinct traditions (of Turkish-Mongolian origins) of which one can notice the perfect mix of fashions according to the influence of Iranian dastg\u00e2hs and Arab-Turkish maq\u00e2ms. It was not transcribed and published until 1960 following a collection from its last representatives. The whole forms a musical marathon of more than twenty hours (similar to the maq\u00f4m or the nouba) with approximately 170 phases and 242 melodies. The <em>muq\u00e2m<\/em> Where <em>mu ka mu<\/em> (&quot;Great melodies&quot;) are composed of sequences of songs ordered in a strict way; we distinguish the <em>kashgar muq\u00e2m<\/em>, <em>Turpan muq\u00e2m<\/em>, <em>qumul muq\u00e2m<\/em>, <em>Ili muq\u00e2m<\/em> and <em>Dolan muq\u00e2m<\/em> Where :<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The muq\u00e2m of Kashgar and Yarkand, with twelve modes (<em>muq\u00e2m<\/em>) heptatonic also called <em>on ikki muq\u00e2m<\/em>\u00a0: Rak - Tch\u00e4bbiyat - Mushavir\u00e4k - Tch\u00e4rigah - P\u00e4njigah - \u00d6zhal - \u00c4j\u00e4m - Oshaq - Bayat - Nava - Segah - Iraq. The muq\u00e2m also designates here a modal sequence in three parts (<em>naghma<\/em>)\u00a0:\n<ul>\n<li><em>bashi<\/em>, <em>chong nehgma<\/em> Where <em>qiongnai&#039;eman<\/em> (&quot;Great melody&quot;), vocal or instrumental prelude without rhythm, followed by short songs or danced, with instrumental interludes <em>marghul<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>dastan<\/em> Where <em>dasitan<\/em>, three to five popular or even folk narrative songs, of an epic character, punctuated and interrupted by <em>marghuls<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>m\u00e4sr\u00e4p<\/em>, <em>meshrep<\/em> Where <em>maixilaifu<\/em> (&quot;Reunion&quot;), five to seven final songs to dance, very rhythmic and folkloric inspiration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Turpan&#039;s muq\u00e2m, sung to the accompaniment of satar, tembur, dut\u00e2r, chang and dap or to the naghra-sunay duet. It has nine modes divided into six sections:\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ghezel<\/em>, song not measured.<\/li>\n<li><em>Yalangchekit<\/em>, slow rhythmic solo vocals (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/fr\/Mesure_%C3%A0_cinq_temps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">5\/4<\/a> or 13\/8).<\/li>\n<li><em>Jula<\/em>, in 4\/4, is a dance piece.<\/li>\n<li><em>Senem<\/em>, in 4\/4, another dance, faster.<\/li>\n<li><em>Nazirkum<\/em>, an even faster dance.<\/li>\n<li><em>Seliqe<\/em>, in 4\/4, a moderate dance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Kumul&#039;s muq\u00e2m, very recent, is taken from a set of nineteen suites comprising between eight and seventeen folk songs in pentatonic mode, preceded by a <em>muqeddime<\/em>, an unmetered introduction. It is played on ghijak, rawap, chang and dap.<\/li>\n<li>Ili&#039;s muq\u00e2m is double because it consists on the one hand of a reduced version of the<em>onikki muq\u00e2m<\/em> and on the other hand from another suite of folk songs called <em>Ili nakhshesi<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Dolan&#039;s muq\u00e2m, also recent, sometimes called <em>bayawan<\/em> (&quot;Desert&quot;) is very different although it is also played on dap, rawap, ghijak and kalong. There are improvisations and heterophonies rare in the region. It is interpreted in nine short dance suites or modes (penta, hexa or heptatonic) in five parts:\n<ul>\n<li><em>Muqeddime<\/em>, singing <em>a cappella<\/em> not measured.<\/li>\n<li><em>Chekitme<\/em>, in 6\/4, start of the dance part.<\/li>\n<li><em>Senem<\/em>, in 4\/4, fast dance.<\/li>\n<li><em>Seliqe<\/em>, in 4\/4, dance in a circle.<\/li>\n<li><em>Serilma<\/em>, in 4\/4 or 5\/8, dance and trance in a circle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>It can be performed by a small vocal and instrumental ensemble as well as by the popular naghra-sunay (drum-oboe) duo; it is not reserved for an elite and is very often heard on the occasion of religious festivals. Other forms of instrumental music include the<em>ejem<\/em> played tembur and dut\u00e2r and the <em>tashway<\/em> played rawap. Musicians like Rozi Tanburi or Abdulaziz Hashimov are famous.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Musique-folklorique\"><\/span>Folk music<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vocal music is very different depending on the region (heptatonic in the west and pentatonic or hexatonic in the east). It is represented by short songs assembled in sequence (<em>yurushi<\/em>) and listed by style such as <em>qoshaq<\/em> (declaimed poetry), the <em>the per<\/em> (musical comic theater), the<em>eytshish<\/em> (duo <em>parlando<\/em>) and the <em>maddhi naghme<\/em> (sung tale <em>a cappella<\/em>), which are ornate narrative songs performed to aksak rhythms.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>There are also Sufi incantations sung during dhikr by Muslims, including chanting in <em>falsetto<\/em> <em>hokmet<\/em>. Here too, a series of songs are performed during rituals danced in groups. Sufi women called <em>buwi<\/em> have an extended function. Not only do they sing ritual songs <em>monajat<\/em>, but they also practice lamentations and exorcisms <em>khetmes<\/em>. The devout itinerant musicians are called <em>ashiq<\/em> Where <em>qalender<\/em> and also use various instruments to accompany their songs <em>hokmet<\/em> next to <em>meshrep<\/em> classic.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The dance music is called <em>senem<\/em> and consists of sequences of songs to dance (from six to thirteen) varying according to the regions but always with the same rhythmic structure ranging from slow to fast. Although the orchestration is variable, it is not uncommon to see the instrumental duo Naghra-Sunay here too, especially on the forecourt of the mosques, during the mystical dances. <em>shadiyana<\/em> and <em>sam\u00e2 &#039;<\/em>. Popular dances include <em>nazirkom<\/em>, <em>at ussuli<\/em> and <em>ghaz ussuli<\/em>. They often accompany large meetings (<em>meshrep<\/em>) popular or wedding ceremonies.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Shamanic exorcism music is still performed far from cities. The <em>baqshi<\/em> Where <em>pirghun<\/em> (bards) use songs and large daps drums.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Instruments-de-musique\"><\/span>Musical instruments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c5\/Uyghur_musical_instruments%2C_Kashgar.jpg\/440px-Uyghur_musical_instruments%2C_Kashgar.jpg\" alt=\"Uyghur Instruments of Kashgar\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<p><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/52\/Musical_instruments_Rubabs_and_Dutars_in_Tajikistan.JPG\/440px-Musical_instruments_Rubabs_and_Dutars_in_Tajikistan.JPG\" alt=\"Instruments common to Tajiks and Uyghurs, in Tajikistan\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mythologie Ou\u00efghour Wiki Pays d\u00e9sertique pour une grande part, avec de grandes r\u00e9gions montagneuses, la musique s&rsquo;y est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e dans &hellip; <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3301,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3315","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3315","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3315"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3315\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24904,"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3315\/revisions\/24904"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3315"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}