{"id":367,"date":"2020-06-12T12:09:37","date_gmt":"2020-06-12T11:09:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/?page_id=367"},"modified":"2022-12-29T12:15:16","modified_gmt":"2022-12-29T12:15:16","slug":"mythologie-gauloise","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/","title":{"rendered":"Gaulish mythology"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"367\" class=\"elementor elementor-367\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5b2a5f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5b2a5f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-241aed2\" data-id=\"241aed2\" 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class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-54ace10\" data-id=\"54ace10\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-712c8e0 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"712c8e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Wiki<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eb65c4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eb65c4c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7add1a7\" data-id=\"7add1a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-249029a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"249029a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/#Mythologie-Gauloise\" >Gaulish mythology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/#Mythologie-Gauloise-textes\" >Gaulish mythology (texts)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/#Livres-sur-la-mythologie-Celtique\" >Books on Celtic Mythology<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mythologie-Gauloise\"><\/span>Gaulish mythology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d25a1f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d25a1f4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-472869e0\" data-id=\"472869e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dd61d53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dd61d53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>The <strong>religion or <a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/\">mythology<\/a> Gallic<\/strong> is the set of beliefs and rites specific to the peoples of Gaul. Due to the absence of direct written sources before Roman times, its peculiarities before Romanization remain poorly understood, and difficult to distinguish from those of the <strong>Gallo-Roman religion<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5284 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AlphaOmega-e1602613368367.png\" alt=\"Gallic mythology\" width=\"25\" height=\"26\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e5a9f3e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e5a9f3e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f2db4a9\" data-id=\"f2db4a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43b781e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"43b781e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mythologie-Gauloise-textes\"><\/span>Gaulish mythology (texts)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d1c980 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7d1c980\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a95311\" data-id=\"3a95311\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b90051b elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"b90051b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1931\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1931\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Gallic myths and legends<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1931\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1931\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/the-legend-of-the-king-dis\/\"><strong>King of Is<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/the-legend-of-the-bard-cervorix\/\">The Bard Cervorix<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/the-legend-of-mistletoe\/\">The legend of mistletoe<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/the-birth-of-taliesin\/\">The birth of Tali\u00e9sin<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/the-bard-aneurin\/\">The Bard Aneurin<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/the-bard-kian-or-gwenchlan\/\">The Bard Kian or Gwenc&#039;hlan<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/the-bard-gildas\/\">Bard Gildas<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/the-submersion-of-the-city-dys-2\/\">The Submersion of the city of Ys<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1932\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1932\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Druidic astrology and Gallic mythology<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1932\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1932\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/druidic-calendar\/\"><strong>The druidic calendar<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/gallic-gods-and-astrological-sign\/\"><strong>The gods and their astrological signs<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/gallic-mythology\/gallic-sacred-animals\/\"><strong>Sacred animals<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.timelessmyths.com\/celtic\/gallic.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pantheon<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The druids, from the nobility, form the intellectual elite. They meet once a year in the forest of Carnutes, near Orleans, where they elect a supreme pontiff. Masters of literature and poetry, endowed with privileges, exempt from tax and armed service, they must devote twenty years to their instruction, the memorization of sacred texts. Written transcription is prohibited. However, in Caesar&#039;s time, they knew about writing.<\/p>\n<p>They are versed in the science of numbers and study the movements of the stars. They claim to know the dimensions of the universe. Intermediaries between humans and the world of the gods, to which only they have access, they regulate religious ceremonies, preside over sacrifices and interpret auguries. According to them, souls pass from one body to another after death or continue to live in a parallel world.<\/p>\n<p>This belief stimulates courage and helps overcome fear of death. Mistletoe, an evergreen perennial plant, would be to the tree what the soul is to the body, an emanation of the god or even an avatar of the latter. Its picking on the oak is linked to a cult given to the cycle of the seasons.<\/p>\n<p>The cult of Lug (Mercury) extends over vast regions of Europe (his name is identifiable in the name of about fifteen cities (Lyon\/Lugdunum, Liegnitz\/Lugidunum, Leyde, Carlisle\/Castra Luguvallium, Lugdunum Convenarum) The great harvest festival, Lugnasad, is celebrated in all countries <a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/mythes-et-legendes-celtiques-20\/\">celts<\/a>. The Goddesses Rosmerta, Nantosvelta, Damona, Sirona, Nemetona and others are consorts of male deities.<\/p>\n<p>It is always difficult to distinguish them from the masters, matronae, divine mothers, progenitor of peoples, who carry cornucopias, baskets of fruit and symbols of fertility. The father-god Dispater is the great master of the earth, and the Gauls claim to be their descendants.<\/p>\n<p>The cult of a blacksmith god corresponding to Vulcan is known by his insular name Goibniu, in <a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/irish-mythology\/\">Ireland<\/a>, or Gofanon, at <a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/welsh-mythology\/\">Wales<\/a>. Esus, a good god however greedy for human blood is represented as a worker, associated with the bull with the three cranes Tarvos Trigaranus (they are both represented on the pillar of the Nautes discovered in 1711 in Paris). The bull symbolizes fertility and power in battle. The deer is by its antlers which grow back each year the symbol of the renewal of nature.<\/p>\n<p>The Celts practice naturist cults, dedicated to the sky, the stars, the earth, the hills, the mountains, the forests and the clearings, even certain trees, the lakes, the sea, animals symbols of strength. At the end of the third century, the Anthology <a href=\"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/mythes-et-legendes-grecques-1664\/\">Greek<\/a> would have mentioned the &quot;jealous Rhine&quot; to which the Celts ask to rule on the legitimacy of their newborns.<\/p>\n<p>A Gallic leader victorious in Italy prides himself on being the son of the Rhine. The names of tribes (\u00c9burons \/ yews, Tarbelli \/ bulls) and those of certain characters (Brannogenos \/ son of the raven, Matugenos \/ son of the bear) are evocative.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1933\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1933\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">The Gallic Wars, source of Gallic mythology<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1933\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1933\"><ul>\n<li><b><a title=\"The Gallic Wars \/ Book I\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikisource.org\/wiki\/La_Guerre_des_Gaules\/Livre_I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Book I<\/a><\/b> (58 BC)<b><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><a title=\"The Gallic Wars \/ Book II\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikisource.org\/wiki\/La_Guerre_des_Gaules\/Livre_II\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Book II<\/a><\/b> (57 BC)<b><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><a title=\"The Gallic Wars \/ Book III\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikisource.org\/wiki\/La_Guerre_des_Gaules\/Livre_III\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Book III<\/a><\/b> (56 BC)<b><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><a title=\"The Gallic Wars \/ Book IV\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikisource.org\/wiki\/La_Guerre_des_Gaules\/Livre_IV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Book IV<\/a><\/b> (55 BC)<b><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><a title=\"The Gallic Wars \/ Book V\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikisource.org\/wiki\/La_Guerre_des_Gaules\/Livre_V\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Book V<\/a><\/b> (54 BC)<b><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><a title=\"The Gallic Wars \/ Book VI\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikisource.org\/wiki\/La_Guerre_des_Gaules\/Livre_VI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Book VI<\/a><\/b> (53 BC)<b><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><a title=\"The Gallic Wars \/ Book VII\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikisource.org\/wiki\/La_Guerre_des_Gaules\/Livre_VII\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Book VII<\/a><\/b> (52 BC)<b><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><a title=\"The Gallic Wars \/ Book VIII\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikisource.org\/wiki\/La_Guerre_des_Gaules\/Livre_VIII\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Book VIII<\/a><\/b> (51-49 BC; edited by <a title=\"Author: Aulus Hirtius\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Auteur:Aulus_Hirtius\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aulus Hirtius<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Julius Caesar, in the Gallic Wars, draws up the catalog of the deities honored by the Celts. For strategic reasons, he designates them by their Roman name; Mercury, inventor of the arts, protector of roads and commerce, Apollo who hunts disease, Minerva, Jupiter\u2026 Regarding Mars, he adds that the Celts, at the start of a war, devote everything they took to him. ; once victorious, they immolate the living spoils and pile up all the rest in a sacred place.<\/p>\n<p>In many tribes, one can see these heaps formed of various remains; it is rare for a man to dare, in defiance of religious law, to conceal his booty at home or to carry a sacrilegious hand over his offerings: such a crime is punished by a terrible death.<\/p>\n<p>Certain Gallic peoples appease Teutates and Esus with immolations. Medieval texts relate the sacrifices offered to them: for Teutates, a man is plunged into a basin until he suffocates. For Esus, we hang a man from a tree and tear him to pieces. For Taranis, we burn several in a hollow tree.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d342f0a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d342f0a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3d5c030\" data-id=\"3d5c030\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ff408a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ff408a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5f02f97 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5f02f97\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd4be20\" data-id=\"bd4be20\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bce3afb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bce3afb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Livres-sur-la-mythologie-Celtique\"><\/span>Books on Celtic Mythology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a23dafa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a23dafa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e32746\" data-id=\"5e32746\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1937f7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1937f7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n<p>Comics \/ Illustrated:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Contes-integrales-belles-legendes-Moyen-%C3%82ge\/dp\/2733849808?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=9d1bd8caaf2af615ad3ed32a1aa7a2f3&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contes integrales \u2013 My most beautiful legends of the Middle Ages<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/L%C3%A9gendes-m%C3%A9di%C3%A9vales-Premium-Bruno-Wennagel\/dp\/2371045217?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=c98e1155ecf6c6f7e6a49deee43de246&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Medieval legends: Arthur \u2013 Perceval \u2013 Tristan &amp; Iseult \u2013 M\u00e9lusine<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Histoires-celtiques-L%C3%A9gendes-merveilleux-dIrlande\/dp\/2889356337?&amp;linkCode=ll1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=76bb3232b22b1b86c7c8e8137b3a09ab&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Celtic Stories \u2013 Legends and Wonderful Tales from Ireland, Scotland, Britain and Wales<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/l%C3%A9gende-roi-Arthur-illustr%C3%A9e\/dp\/1409589080?&amp;linkCode=ll1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=627e3ecdf0d440edbf610c33fc775521&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The legend of King Arthur illustrated<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Contes-l%C3%A9gendes-dIrlande-Plenard-Marilyn\/dp\/2373801094?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=b951020785cbfb6173626671a021af1d&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tales and legends of Ireland<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In French :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Kelto%C3%AF-l%C3%A9gendes-premiers-Celtes-Ozegan\/dp\/2381350551?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=f6d21fbe5753e6f3324384bd21d5310f&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Keltoi \u2013 Legends of the Early Celts<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/mythologie-du-monde-celte\/dp\/2501093852?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=2c02426b349758d4b0944b47be6febbf&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The mythology of the Celtic world<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Contes-l%C3%A9gendes-pays-celtes-MARKALE\/dp\/273737524X?&amp;linkCode=ll1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=3efc0b9fa359deceb40b8a729794d3a6&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tales and legends of the Celtic countries<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/mythes-celtes-D%C3%A9esse-blanche\/dp\/2268072029?&amp;linkCode=ll1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=7c503cc74433d13d13112e08526e65cd&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Celtic Myths: The White Goddess<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/route-plus-belles-l%C3%A9gendes-celtes\/dp\/2081396416?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=d776951a532b2ff64d37fed312bcd51a&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">On the road to the most beautiful Celtic legends<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/L%C3%A9gende-Roi-Arthur-Version-Int%C3%A9grale\/dp\/1539607682?&amp;linkCode=ll1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=25e4267a69e501a34da7006a5a0f022f&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Legend of King Arthur \u2013 Complete Version<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Quatre-Branches-%C2%ABMabinogi%C2%BB-autres-gallois\/dp\/2070732010?&amp;linkCode=ll1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=5790f3beea35c50956a79dd1f6481f29&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Four Branches of the &quot;Mabinogi&quot; and other medieval Welsh tales<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/L%C3%A9gende-Ville-dYs-dapr%C3%A8s-anciens-ebook\/dp\/B083GWFRTP?&amp;linkCode=ll1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=10d863f03f87a8ba2909399af121e693&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Legend of the City of Ys: (from old texts)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Quatre-Contes-Populaires-Ecossais-Scottish\/dp\/190473748X?&amp;linkCode=ll1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=a76480f6b52cbf8cbbb2a210cccd13f8&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Four Scottish Folk Tales: Four Scottish Folk Tales<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Gaulois-Bernard-Briais\/dp\/2012920799?&amp;linkCode=ll1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=5eb57c98b2304379f479c9063f9ab7a9&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Gauls: Myths and Legends<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Contes-l%C3%A9gendes-dIrlande-Georges-Dottin\/dp\/284362679X?&amp;linkCode=ll1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=99ed3cc3532258464d47fb1b6863391b&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tales and legends of Ireland<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Cycle-mythologique-irlandais-mythologie-celtique\/dp\/2322256153?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=bff9adefaf3a34610be9a43e34363830&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Irish Mythological Cycle and Celtic Mythology<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Only in English:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Celtic-fairy-tales-Kate-Forrester\/dp\/145215175X?&amp;linkCode=ll1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=8ba5e47a93f7361117b3f0d6d430fda9&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">celtic fairy tales<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Cornish-Folk-Tales-Mike-Oconnor\/dp\/0752450662?&amp;linkCode=ll1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=c1d381b4c8bdfeb05dd884e0256ad69a&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cornish Folk Tales<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/dp\/1782505954?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=1b79243450406c03a044e1235534986f&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An Illustrated Treasury of Scottish Castle Legends<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Welsh-Legends-Myths-Graham-Watkins\/dp\/1291985271?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=fe813ea9f81ca0754195c97fd1eb46de&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Welsh Legends and Myths<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/dp\/0738733490?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=2a708515d4632f64e8b858d49c84bdbb&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Exploring the Magic of Welsh Legend &amp; Lore<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/dp\/1402164653?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=05d73681fb7cf68a5da3f977a259b03a&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Folk-Lore of the Isle of Man<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/dp\/1841192481?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=8fcb96e5a5d3a08f9160154e27ef2698&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Mammoth Book of Celtic Myths and Legends<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Lost-Tomb-King-Arthur-Camelot\/dp\/1591431816?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=4c117f1637f40748153da21ee3465d79&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lost Tomb of King Arthur<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Celtic-Mythology-Folklore-Goddesses-Warriors\/dp\/1914312031?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=79eee574fb0252b34d812ccdb2de8c58&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Celtic Mythology: Dive Into The Depths Of Ancient Celtic Folklore<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Irish-Fairy-Tales-William-Butler\/dp\/078583348X?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=f39033aedfcc3c2a839d8db30b5d7c67&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Irish Folk and Fairy Tales<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Celtic-Mythology-Concise-Guide-Beliefs\/dp\/1537584359?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=73f726ad0d73a5991357d99c721f8dd7&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Celtic Mythology: A Concise Guide to the Gods, Sagas and Beliefs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Irelands-Immortals-History-Gods-Irish\/dp\/069118304X?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=ddc49871307205cbbf6a6ebb9dd1176e&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ireland&#039;s Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Scottish-Myths-Legends-Daniel-Allison\/dp\/1838040315?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=9ef19d8e1d7393cc5212e56d32e7ff2f&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scottish Myths &amp; Legends<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Book-Celtic-Myths-Warriors-Folklore\/dp\/1507200870?&amp;linkCode=sl1&amp;tag=mythscience-21&amp;linkId=6d040ff8a73c1167d96cf694b7d013e2&amp;language=fr_FR&amp;ref_=as_li_ss_tl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Book of Celtic Myths<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Retour au Groupe Culturel Biblioth\u00e8que Wiki Mythologie Gauloise La religion ou mythologie gauloise est l&rsquo;ensemble des croyances et des rites &hellip; <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27,"parent":0,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-367","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/367","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=367"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/367\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26670,"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/367\/revisions\/26670"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mythslegendes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}